In this presentation, Dr. Kenneth Alexander will first provide a review of rational antibiotic selection. Emphasis will be placed on the clinical application of each antibiotic, as well as on ongoing and emerging antibiotic resistance issues. In the second part of the presentation, Alexander will review newly-approved vaccines for adolescents. He will discuss the rationale for adolescent immunization, and will address some of the controversies surrounding adolescent vaccines, in particular, the HPV vaccine. Finally, Alexander will provide a status report on the newly emerged H1N1 influenza.