This presentation will explore considerations in prevention, assessment and treatment of the problem and pathological gambler in the context of Blaszczynski and Nower’s Pathways Model. This presentation will discuss the use of Pathways Model of problem gambling in clinical treatment. The presentation will employ a broad, systematic approach of identifying specific subtypes of gamblers, each influenced by different factors yet displaying similar phenomenological features. The presentation will integrate biological, personality, developmental, cognitive, learning theory and environmental factors into a functional framework. Distinct pathways will be defined exploring distinct clinical features and etiological processes. Specific vulnerability factors, demographic features and etiological processes will be explored. The presentation will discuss availability and accessibility, ecological determinants, public policy and regulatory legislation. Different populations of individuals lacking psychiatric pathology but susceptible to behavioral reinforcement; a group that is biologically and/or emotionally vulnerable, experiencing depression and/or anxiety; and a third group, also possessing these vulnerabilities, but with more character based problems will be discussed in the context of clinical considerations. Gamblers who differentially seek to reduce or augment arousal states will be discussed. The role of classical and operant conditioning, cognitive processes resulting in faulty beliefs related to personal skill and probability of winning will be presented. The presentation will include discussion of impulsive personality traits, as well as biologic and genetic correlates seen in problem gamblers. The presentation will explore the roles of neurochemistry in impulsivity, mood disorders and impaired control, including discussion of receptor genes and neurotransmitters, linking these to possible problems in reward deficiency, arousal, impulsivity and pathological gambling.