The overall goal of this session is to discuss how the use of murine models (i.e. rats and mice) can improve the understanding of the role of leukocytes in TRALI. An overall introduction to the problem, including a description of TRALI and the relevance of using murine models in transfusion medicine, will be provided. Two leading experts who actively use murine models to investigate TRALI pathogenesis will address the role of antibodies and the one-hit hypothesis in the pathogenesis of TRALI and the role of bioactive lipids and the two-hit hypothesis in the pathogenesis of TRALI. Because the results obtained from these models remain somewhat controversial and because their applicability to humans is still under study, the session will end with a question and answer period that will engage the audience in discussion.