Following the launch of a Russian national program to encourage public-private cooperation entitled "Biotechnological Development in Russia in 2006-2015," bioclusters have rapidly expanded in several Russian regions. The program has provided additional support to the Russian biotechnology industry by creating special economic zones for innovative biotechnology, further developing biotechnoparks, expanding biosafety and nanotechnology industries, and establishing biotechnology investment and venture funds. We will present several emerging Russian biotechnology companies, including winners of prestigious national bio-innovation competitions, which have created opportunities in areas ranging from biofuels development to bionanotechnology applications.