Thailand has conducted an extensive research program on biodiversity exploration and bioresource utilization based on the high level of microbial biodiversity resources of the country. The BIOTEC Culture Collection holds a large microorganism collection, containing more than 20,000 isolates of bacteria, yeasts and especially fungi. Backed by a world-class research team and resources at BIOTEC, successful research partnerships have already been formed with multi-national companies such as Novartis and a joint investment with a local company to set up a probiotics production plant is underway. With newly acquired pyrosequencing technology and metagenomics, coupled with unusual bio habitats such as peat swamp forests in southern Thailand, together with strong government and industry support, even more unique compounds, enzymes and genes will be discovered.