Brachytherapy plays an important role in the management of prostate cancer. In this session we will review selected published results of LDR and HDR prostate brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy. We will review the rationales and clinical experiences using prostate brachytherapy. We will also cover some of the recent controversies and advancements in research in prostate brachytherapy. Appropriate techniques for LDR and HDR will be presented. Since the optimal outcome of brachytherapy is a dependent on proper technique, discussion will emphasize on technical pitfalls and remedies for each modality. At the conclusion of this activity, the learner will be able to do the following: 1. Outline clinical results from represenative studies. 2. Explain how treatment is delivered using each technique. 3. Discuss some technical pitfall and remedies of each modality. 4. Discuss the procedures and importance of Quality Assurance (QA) in Prostate Brachytherapy.