Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy with an estimated 46,470 new uterine corpus cases and 8,120 deaths in 2011, while vaginal cancer is the rarest. Hysterectomy remains the cornerstone of therapy for operable endometrial cancer patients. Controversy exists as to the need for surgical staging in all patients. The proper application of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy also is a source of considerable debate. Patients that relapse most commonly present with a vaginal cuff recurrence. This is treated in an identical fashion to vaginal cancer of the vaginal apex. This educational session will review controversies in endometrial cancer management and discuss technologic aspects used in the treatment of vaginal apical masses such as interstitial brachytherapy or IMRT with special attention to the impact on patient care. At the conclusion of this activity, the learner will be able to do the following: 1. Discuss the role of radiation therapy in early stage and advanced stage endometrial cancer. 2. Explain the role of radiation in the management of recurrent endometrial cancer. 3. Explain the role of radiation and brachytherapy in the management of vaginal cancer.