Brain tumor is the second most common neoplasm in children and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The treatment of brain tumors in children is protocol-based and designed according to tumor type and risk of treatment failure based on approaches that include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The potential for late effects is always considered and should be understood for patients who are likely to be long-term survivors. Regimens that include radiation therapy often change in terms of dose and treatment volume guidelines. Regimen changes should be carefully followed by those who treat children. At the conclusion of this activity, the learner will be able to do the following: 1. Indentify current treatment guidelines for the most common childhood brain tumors, including large ongoing clinical trials. 2. Discuss common side effects experienced by children with CNS tumors. 3. Review techniques such as supine craniospinal RT.