The session will introduce the attendee to the application of imaging to the diagnosis, therapeutic planning, treatment and response assessment of patients with thoracic malignancies. Specific topics addressed will be the application of novel functional imaging approaches from diagnosis to response assessment; novel image-intensive therapeutic approaches to early stage disease; image assessment of targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer; and utility of image-guidance to improve therapeutic outcome in lung cancer. In the review of non-operative treatment modalities for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer including stereotactic body radiation therapy, specific topics of discussion will include the selection of patients for each modality including relative and absolute contraindications, effective treatment techniques, possible toxicities, expected clinical outcomes, and future directions including current trials.